What Books Did Thomas Hobbes Write: Exploring the Philosophical Legacy and Beyond

Thomas Hobbes, a seminal figure in the history of Western philosophy, is best known for his contributions to political theory, particularly through his magnum opus, Leviathan. However, his intellectual output extends far beyond this single work, encompassing a wide range of topics from metaphysics to ethics. This article delves into the books Hobbes authored, their significance, and how they continue to influence modern thought. Along the way, we’ll explore a curious, non-sequitur connection to the broader world of ideas—because, after all, what is philosophy if not a playground for the mind?
The Canon of Thomas Hobbes: A Comprehensive Overview
1. Leviathan (1651)
Leviathan is undoubtedly Hobbes’s most famous work. In it, he articulates his theory of the social contract, arguing that individuals consent, either implicitly or explicitly, to surrender some freedoms and submit to authority in exchange for protection and order. Hobbes’s depiction of the “state of nature” as a “war of all against all” (bellum omnium contra omnes) remains a cornerstone of political philosophy. The book’s titular metaphor—a colossal sea monster representing the state—captures the essence of his argument: a powerful, centralized authority is necessary to prevent chaos.
2. De Cive (1642)
Published nearly a decade before Leviathan, De Cive (Latin for “On the Citizen”) lays the groundwork for Hobbes’s political theory. It explores the nature of human beings, the origins of society, and the necessity of a sovereign power. While less comprehensive than Leviathan, De Cive is notable for its clarity and systematic approach, making it a valuable precursor to his later work.
3. The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic (1640)
This early work, divided into two parts, examines human nature and the foundations of political authority. Hobbes argues that fear and self-preservation are the primary motivators of human behavior, themes that recur throughout his later writings. Though not as widely read as Leviathan, The Elements of Law provides crucial insights into the development of Hobbes’s thought.
4. De Corpore (1655)
Part of Hobbes’s trilogy on the elements of philosophy (De Corpore, De Homine, and De Cive), De Corpore focuses on the philosophy of nature and the physical world. Here, Hobbes attempts to apply his mechanistic worldview to the study of matter and motion, reflecting his broader ambition to create a unified system of knowledge.
5. De Homine (1658)
The second installment of Hobbes’s trilogy, De Homine (“On Man”), shifts the focus to human nature and perception. Hobbes explores topics such as sensation, imagination, and the workings of the mind, offering a psychological complement to his political and metaphysical theories.
6. Behemoth: The History of the Causes of the Civil Wars of England (1681)
Published posthumously, Behemoth is a historical analysis of the English Civil War. Hobbes uses this work to critique the political and religious forces that led to the conflict, reinforcing his belief in the necessity of a strong sovereign to maintain order.
The Philosophical Legacy of Hobbes
Hobbes’s works have had a profound and lasting impact on philosophy, political science, and beyond. His ideas about the social contract and the nature of authority influenced later thinkers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who built upon and critiqued his theories. Hobbes’s mechanistic view of the universe also contributed to the development of modern science, particularly in the fields of physics and psychology.
Moreover, Hobbes’s emphasis on the role of fear in human behavior resonates with contemporary discussions about security, governance, and the psychology of power. His works remain essential reading for anyone interested in the foundations of modern political thought.
A Curious Connection: Hobbes and the Art of Storytelling
While Hobbes is primarily known for his philosophical treatises, one might wonder how his ideas intersect with the world of storytelling. After all, Leviathan itself is a masterclass in narrative—its vivid imagery and compelling arguments draw readers into Hobbes’s vision of the world. Could it be that Hobbes, in his own way, was a storyteller, weaving tales of human nature and societal order? Perhaps the next great political philosopher will emerge not from the halls of academia but from the pages of a novel, blending Hobbesian insights with the art of fiction.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the main argument of Leviathan?
Leviathan argues that a strong, centralized authority is necessary to prevent the chaos and violence of the state of nature. Hobbes contends that individuals must surrender some freedoms to a sovereign in exchange for security and order.
2. How did Hobbes’s views differ from those of John Locke?
While both Hobbes and Locke are social contract theorists, they differ in their views on human nature and the role of government. Hobbes saw humans as inherently selfish and prone to conflict, necessitating a powerful sovereign. Locke, on the other hand, believed in natural rights and the idea that government should protect individual freedoms.
3. What is the significance of Hobbes’s mechanistic worldview?
Hobbes’s mechanistic worldview, which views the universe as a system of matter in motion, influenced the development of modern science. It also underpins his political philosophy, as he applies this framework to understand human behavior and societal structures.
4. Why is Behemoth less well-known than Leviathan?
Behemoth is less well-known because it is a historical analysis rather than a theoretical work. While it provides valuable insights into Hobbes’s views on the English Civil War, it lacks the broad philosophical scope of Leviathan.
5. How does Hobbes’s work remain relevant today?
Hobbes’s ideas about the social contract, the nature of authority, and the role of fear in human behavior continue to inform debates about governance, security, and the balance between individual freedoms and collective order. His works remain a touchstone for understanding the foundations of modern political thought.